教育日记：核心力量与身体协调-园所风采-幼师课件网

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协调素质，是指力量素质、耐力素质以外的所有其他基本的身体素质的总称。其基本的要素包括平衡能力、速度、柔韧性、灵敏性和协调能力等。

Coordination quality refers to the general term for all other basic physical qualities other than strength and endurance quality. Its basic elements include balance, speed, flexibility, agility and coordination

1.核心力量|Core strength

核心力量的发展主要集中在胃部和背部的肌肉，能于运动过程中稳定我们的身体，而强大的核心肌力则是幼儿发展其姿势的稳定性、平衡、大肌肉运动和精细动作技能的基础。核心肌力较弱的幼儿可能会出现站立或坐下时的姿势不正确、运动耐力不足，平衡较差，或身体协调能力不及同龄的幼儿。

Core strength development focuses on the muscles of the stomach and back, which stabilize our body during exercise, while strong core strength is the basis for young children to develop postural stability, balance, gross motor and fine motor skills. Young children with a weak core may have incorrect posture when standing or sitting, insufficient exercise tolerance, poor balance, or less physical coordination than children of the same age.

2.协调能力|Coordination ability

是指在进行身体运动的过程中，调整与综合身体各部位的动作、使之和谐而统一的能力。协调能力对人的整个运动生涯和日常活动有很大帮助，对幼儿的成长和发展有着至关重要的作用。

It refers to the ability to adjust and synthesize the movements of various parts of the body in the process of body movement, making them harmonious and unified. Coordination skills are of great help throughout a person’s sports career and daily activities, and play a vital role in the growth and development of young children.

3.平衡能力|Balance ability

指抵抗破坏平衡的外力，以保持全身处于稳定状态的能力。

Refers to the ability to resist external forces that disrupt balance to keep the whole body in a stable state.

4.速度|Speed

是指人体进行快速运动的一种能力。

Speed refers to the ability of the human body to carry out rapid movement.

5.柔韧性|Flexibility

是指人体活动时，关节、肌肉、肌腱和韧带的活动范围或伸展能力。

Refers to the range of motion or stretching ability of joints, muscles, tendons and ligaments when the human body is active.

6.灵敏性|Sensitivity

是指在复杂的条件下，对刺激作出快速、准确的反应，灵活控制身体和随机应变的能力。

Refers to the ability to respond quickly and accurately to stimuli, flexibly control the body and adapt to changes under complex conditions.

综上所述，在幼儿期可以将平衡能力、速度、柔韧性、灵敏性和协调能力这几种基本的、在功能特征上具有较多相似性的身体素质归为一类，统称为协调素质。

In summary, in early childhood, balance, speed, flexibility, sensitivity and coordination can be classified as basic physical qualities with more similarities in functional characteristics, collectively referred to as coordination quality.

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分析 | Analysis

运动协调能力不仅体现为身体的发展，而且也是一种重要的智力。幼儿在运动中对神经系统的刺激，对大脑的发育有着积极的影响。

Motor coordination is not only reflected in the development of the body, but also in an important intelligence. The stimulation of the nervous system during sports in young children has a positive effect on brain development.

因为幼儿的身体素质是通过身体的基本活动能力体现出来的，而不是像运动员那样专项的身体素质，因此幼儿具体的身体运动中，很难将这些能力要素严格地加以区分。例如幼儿躲闪跑的活动，既体现了速度要素，又反映了灵敏性和协调能力等，很难把它们完全区分。将这些能力要素归为一大类，更能突出地体现幼儿身体素质与神经系统调节、控制功能之间多角度、多层次、复杂的统一关系。由于幼儿身心发展水平的局限，这些能力在幼儿期应该综合地、全面地加以培养，不应该过分强调某些能力的培养，也不应该忽视某些能力的培养。

Because children’s physical fitness is reflected through the basic activity ability of the body, rather than the specific physical fitness of athletes, it is difficult to strictly distinguish these ability elements in the specific physical movement of children. For example, the activities of dodging and running in young children reflect both speed elements and sensitivity and coordination, and it is difficult to completely distinguish them. Classifying these ability elements into a large category can more prominently reflect the multi-angle, multi-level and complex unified relationship between children’s physical fitness and nervous system regulation and control functions. Due to the limitations of children’s physical and mental development level, these abilities should be cultivated comprehensively in early childhood, and the cultivation of certain abilities should not be overemphasized, nor should the cultivation of certain abilities be neglected.

培养幼儿进行大肌肉运动

Train young children to perform gross motor exercises

大肌肉运动是指大肌肉群共同参与的运动，主要是指头颈部、躯干、四肢幅度较大的动作。在日常生活中我们可以有意识增加幼儿的运动量，例如：双足交替上下楼梯、能原地双脚并齐跳高、单腿跳、花样拍球等。

Large muscle exercise refers to the movement in which large muscle groups participate, mainly refers to the movements of the head and neck, trunk, and limbs. In daily life, we can consciously increase the amount of exercise of young children, such as: alternately going up and down stairs with both feet, being able to jump high with both feet in place, jumping on one leg, and shooting the ball in a synchronized manner.

游戏《双足交替上下楼梯》|

Game “Alternately Up and Down the Stairs”

游戏玩法：幼儿同时双脚交替上下楼梯，为了增加游戏的兴趣，可配上有节奏性的音乐。

Gameplay: Children alternate their feet up and down stairs at the same time, which can be accompanied by rhythmic music to increase the interest of the game.

游戏《兔子跳跳》|Game “Rabbit Jumping”

游戏玩法：利用绳子变化多种形状，从而幼儿双脚并齐，跟随绳子的形状进行跳高练习。

Gameplay: Use the rope to change multiple shapes, so that the toddler’s feet are together and follow the shape of the rope for high jumping exercises.

游戏《单脚跳》|Game “Jump on One Foot”

游戏玩法：幼儿单脚站立并向前跳跃，一轮结束后换脚向前跳跃，可适当增加绳子、跳圈等辅助材料增加幼儿兴趣。

Gameplay: Children stand on one foot and jump forward, change feet to jump forward after a round, and appropriately increase auxiliary materials such as ropes and jumping circles to increase children’s interest.

游戏《花样拍球》|Game “Trick Racket”

游戏玩法：幼儿双脚分开与肩同宽，进行双手拍球，一段时间后可增加难度进行左右手交替拍球练习。

Gameplay: Children with their feet shoulder-width apart and pat the ball with both hands, and after a period of time, they can increase the difficulty to practice alternating left-hand racketing.

培养幼儿进行精细运动

Train young children to perform fine motors

精细运动主要是指手的动作，也称为小肌肉动作，指个体主要凭借手以及手指等部位的小肌肉或小肌肉群的运动，在感知觉、注意等心理活动的配合下完成特定任务的能力。这种能力的本质，就是手-眼-脑的协调能力，这些技能会涉及到手腕、手和手指的运动。

Fine motor mainly refers to the movement of the hand, also known as small muscle action, refers to the ability of an individual to complete specific tasks mainly by relying on the movement of small muscles or small muscle groups in the hands and fingers, with the cooperation of psychological activities such as perception and attention. The essence of this ability is the hand-eye-brain coordination, which involves the movement of the wrist, hand and fingers.

游戏《豆子乐翻天》|Game “Beans Happy”

游戏玩法：提前准备好颜色形状不一的豆子，将纸杯底部剪一个洞，将豆子逐一通过小洞投放到纸杯内；玩法二：使用筷子或者镊子将同一颜色或者形状的豆子进行分类摆放。

Gameplay: Prepare beans of different colors and shapes in advance, cut a hole in the bottom of the paper cup, and put the beans into the paper cup one by one through small holes; Gameplay 2: Use chopsticks or tweezers to sort and arrange beans of the same color or shape.

游戏《倒水练习》|Game “Pouring Practice”

游戏玩法：提前准备好三个透明的杯子，在杯子不同高度贴上彩色胶带，幼儿将水倒入杯子的位置线即可。

Gameplay: Prepare three transparent cups in advance, paste colored tape at different heights of the cups, and the toddler can pour water into the position line of the cup.

游戏《手指足球》|Game “Finger Football”

游戏玩法：幼儿将纸张团成小纸球，分别用大拇指按住食指、中指、无名指，用力把纸团弹出去即为成功。

Gameplay: Children will ball the paper into small paper balls, press the index finger, middle finger and ring finger with their thumbs respectively, and force the paper ball to eject it for success.

培养幼儿平衡能力

Develop balance skills in young children

身体对来自前庭器官、肌肉、肌腱、关节内的感受器以及视觉等各方面刺激的协调能力。体育运动与舞蹈是幼儿协调与平衡的最好锻炼的方法。

The body’s ability to coordinate stimuli from the vestibular apparatus, muscles, tendons, receptors in joints, and vision. Sports and dance are the best ways for young children to exercise coordination and balance.

游戏《花样走》|Game “Trick Walk”

游戏玩法：

玩法一：幼儿使用手中的书作为容器将小球从起始点送到终点，游戏过程中小球不可以掉落呦；

玩法二：幼儿双腿夹球，双手叉腰，以S路线从起始点出发穿过障碍物到达终点，注意控制速度，防止小球掉落。

Gameplay:

Gameplay 1: Children use the book in their hands as a container to send the ball from the starting point to the end, and the ball cannot be dropped during the game;

How to play 2: Children hold the ball with their legs, cross their hands at the waist, and start from the starting point to cross the obstacle to the end point in S route, pay attention to control the speed and prevent the ball from falling.

游戏《箱子乐翻天》|Game “Box Fun Flipped”

游戏玩法：提前准备好3－4个空纸箱，幼儿可以双脚站在纸箱内，带动纸箱往前跳。还可以双手双脚各进入一个纸箱，像毛毛虫一样向前爬行。

Gameplay: Prepare 3-4 empty cartons in advance, and toddlers can stand in the carton with both feet and drive the carton forward. You can also enter a cardboard box with both hands and feet and crawl forward like a caterpillar.

培养幼儿协调能力

Develop coordination skills in young children

指左右脑协调和手眼协调的能力。儿童神经系统功能定型的关键期在幼儿期，因此，及时发现并及早强化训练很有必要。可以多跟孩子一起玩“你拍一我拍一”的游戏、“螃蟹走路”等游戏。

Refers to the ability to coordinate the left and right brains and the hand-eye coordination. The critical period for the stereotyping of children’s nervous system function is in early childhood, so it is necessary to detect it in time and strengthen training early. You can play more games with your child such as “you shoot one, I shoot one”, “crab walking” and so on.

游戏《你拍一，我拍一》|Game “You shoot one, I shoot one”

游戏玩法：幼儿与老师面对面做好，伸出相同方向的手对拍，左右手交替进行，可加上童谣或音乐。

Gameplay: Children and teachers face to face, extend their hands in the same direction to clap, and alternate left and right hands, you can add nursery rhymes or music.

游戏《螃蟹玩法》|Game “Crab Go”

游戏玩法：幼儿与老师面对面站好，用头夹住气球或者毛绒玩具，从起始点走向终点，路途中不用手扶球和球不掉落即为成功。

Gameplay: Toddlers stand face to face with the teacher, hold the balloon or stuffed toy with their heads, and walk from the starting point to the end, without holding the ball and the ball does not fall on the way.

所以，协调性方面的训练是十分有益于生长，在年龄小时大脑尚不完善，对身体的控制能力不强，进行协调性训练会促进他的大脑发育；使其从小就能更好的控制肢体，学习各项运动就会很快学会，而且掌握准确。

Therefore, coordination training is very conducive to growth, at an age when the brain is not perfect, the control of the body is not strong, coordination training will promote his brain development; So that they can better control their limbs from an early age, learn various sports will be learned quickly and accurately.

现代社会的发展使得人们对于下一代的身体素质要求越来越高，要想让孩子赢在起跑线上，就必须重视身体素质，一个好的身体是未来一切的基本，重视幼儿的协调性，让孩子健康成长每一天！

The development of modern society makes people more and more demanding for the physical fitness of the next generation, in order to let children win at the starting line, we must pay attention to physical fitness, a good body is the basis of everything in the future, pay attention to the coordination of young children, let children grow up healthily every day!

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