寒气之逆极，故谓大寒。
Great Cold
the reverse of the cold air,
so it is called Great Cold.
“年年冬日有尽时，岁岁大寒迎新春”大寒，是二十四节气中的最后一个节气。同小寒一样，大寒也是表示天气寒冷程度的节气，是天气寒冷到极致的意思。
冬去春来，大寒一过，又将开始一个新的轮回，同时也意味着春节将至。大寒在极致的清冷中，孕育着春天，孕育着无限生机，接下来让我们跟着老师们一起走进中国传统文化节日，了解我们的传统文化吧！
“When the winter is over every year, the New year is welcomed by the Great cold.” The Great Cold is the last of the 24 solar terms. Like Minor cold, Great Cold is also a solar term that expresses the degree of cold weather, which means that the weather is extremely cold.
Winter goes to spring, and once the Great cold passes, a new cycle will begin, which also means that the Spring Festival is approaching. In the extreme coldness, the Great Cold breeds spring and infinite vitality. Let’s follow the teachers to feel the Chinese traditional cultural festival and learn about our traditional culture!
大寒吟
【宋】邵雍
旧雪未及消，新雪又拥户。
阶前冻银床，檐头冰钟乳。
清日无光辉，烈风正号怒。
人口各有舌，言语不能吐。
这首诗的意思是旧的积雪尚未来得及消融，新的大雪又纷纷飘落拥积在庭户。台阶之前，井栏上的辘轳架早已冰冻；檐头之上，雪水化成了一个个冻冻丁，像钟乳石一样。清朗的日子，没有夺目的光芒；猛烈的北风，正疾厉怒号。人们口中各自都有舌头，想说话因风太大却一句也说不出来。这首诗把天气的寒冷至极非常生动形象的描绘出来，让人们真切感受到什么是一年中最冷的时节。
This poem vividly depicts the extreme coldness of the weather, making people truly feel what is the coldest time of the year.
大寒十二月中
Great Cold in December
【唐】元稹
腊酒自盈樽，金炉兽炭温。
大寒宜近火，无事莫开门。
冬与春交替，星周月讵存？
明朝换新律，梅柳待阳春。
大寒是二十四节气中的最后一个节气。在这样寒冷的季节，诗人元稹认为最惬意的事情，莫过于呼朋唤友，共聚一室，温腊月酒，围炉取暖，叙谈欢言。春天就要到来了，让我们蓄势待发，迎接新的开始。
Great Cold is the last of the twenty-four solar terms. In such a cold season, the poet Yuan Zhen thinks that the most pleasant thing is to call friends, get together in a room, warm up the moonlight wine, keep warm by the stove, and chat with each other. Spring is coming, let us get ready for a new beginning.
大寒天气暖，赛到二月满。
大寒一夜星，谷米贵如金。
一早一晚勤动手，管它地冻九尺九。
小寒不太冷，大寒三九天。
大寒大寒，无风自寒。
天寒人不寒，改变冬闲旧习惯。
Great Cold Climate Features
每年1月20日前后，太阳黄经达300°，天气寒冷至极，称为大寒。此节气降水稀少，常有寒潮，大风天气，气候比较干燥。根据我国长期以来的气象记录，在北方地区大寒节气是没有小寒冷的，但对于南方大部分地区来说，最冷是在大寒节气。
Every year around January 20, the sun’s yellow longitude reaches 300°, and the weather gets extremely cold, that is called the Great Cold. There is little precipitation in this solar term, and there are often cold waves and strong winds, and the climate is relatively dry. According to our country’s long-term meteorological records, it’s more cold during Minor Cold period in the northern regions, but for most parts of the South, the coldest period is in the Great Cold.
Three seasons of Great Cold
大寒初候，鸡乳育也。按照古人的解释，家禽鸡宜在立春前孵小鸡，随阳气生发而成形。就是说到大寒节气便可以孵小鸡了。
鹰隼之类的征鸟，正处于捕食能力极强的状态中，盘旋于空中到处寻找食物，以补充身体的能量抵御严寒；
水域中的冰一直冻到水中央，且最结实、最厚，寒至极处，物极必反，坚冰深处春水生。
Great Cold Custom
作为最后一个节气大寒，虽是农闲时节，但家家都在“忙”——忙过年，此即“大寒迎年”的风俗。
所谓大寒迎年就是大寒至农历新年这段时间，民间会有一系列的风俗活动，让我们来看一下都有哪些有趣的风俗活动吧！
As the last solar term of the Great Cold, although it is the slack season, every family is “busy” —– busy to celebrate the New Year, which is the custom of “Great Cold to Welcome the New Year”.
The so-called Great Cold Welcomes the New Year means that during the period from the Great Cold to the Lunar New Year, there will be a series of folk customs and activities. Let us take a look at some interesting customs and activities!
饮酒吃糯米
“小寒大寒，冷成一团”的谚语，为了消除寒意，大寒节气这天，古人流行饮酒、吃糯米粥，也借此节气让家人朋友其乐融融，共聚一堂。
【 Drinking and eating glutinous rice】
On the day of the Great Cold, the ancients popularized drinking and eating glutinous rice porridge, and also used this solar term to make family and friends gather together.
除尘糊窗
“大寒大寒，家家刷墙，刷去不祥。户户糊窗，糊进阳光。”“除尘”，又称“除陈”，除尘时要忌言语，讲究“闷声发财”。清扫时不能从屋里往外扫，而要从门口往家里扫，最后将尘埃堆成一小堆，用簸箕装上带走…因为“肥水不流外人田”。“糊窗户，换吉祥。”为了美观，有的人家会剪一些吉祥图案贴在窗户上，又称“贴窗花”。
【Dust removal window】
Every household pastes the windows to let in the sunlight.” While cleaning, you can’t sweep from the house, but from the door to the house, and finally pile up the dust into a small pile, put it in a dustpan and take it away… Some people will cut some auspicious patterns and paste them on the windows.
蒸供赶婚
“蒸供”，就是准备蒸制过年祭祀供奉用的供品，这些供品都是用面蒸制的比如说糕点、饽饽、馒头、枣花馍等。“赶婚”，有一种迷信的说法是，腊月底各路神仙都上天“汇报一年的工作情况”去了，这时的人间百无禁忌，又是农闲，赶在这个时候婚娶不用挑日子。
踩岁
旧时老南京，大寒时节街上有专卖芝麻秆的，人们把芝麻秆买回家，放在家门口路边上，让小娃儿上去踩踏，名曰“踩岁”，就是踩碎了的意思。因“踩碎”之碎与“岁”谐音，所以就叫“踩岁”了，寓意“岁岁有响”、“岁岁平安”。
【 Stepping on the “year”】
Many years ago in Nanjing, there was a monopoly selling sesame stalks on the street during the cold season. People bought sesame stalks home and put them on the roadside at the door of their homes for children to step on them. “Stepping on the year” means “every year is safe”.
采购年货
“大寒岁底庆团圆”，天气虽然依旧寒冷，但年的脚步越来越近。人们也加快了备年忙年的步伐，采买年货进入高潮，准备和即将归家的亲人度过一个温馨祥和、幸福团圆的春节。
【Purchasing new year goods】
“Celebrate reunion at the end of the Great Cold”, although the weather is still cold, the pace of the year is getting closer. People buy new year’s goods to spend a warm, peaceful, happy and reunited Spring Festival with their relatives who are about to return home.
Great Cold Children’s Health
补肾藏精
孩子体质娇嫩，补肾的方式肯定要比成人补肾要温和得多，主要还是以食疗为主，将黑米、黑豆、黑芝麻等黑色食物熬成粥给孩子吃，都可以起到补肾气的效果。
Children should keep a light diet, eat more: black rice, black beans, black sesame seeds with porridge .
润肺健脾
Moisturize the lungs
and invigorate the spleen
给孩子健脾，一是要控制消化，不让孩子积食，特别是过年期间，不要给孩子吃糖、巧克力、坚果等小零食。二是可以在孩子消化好的时候，给孩子吃一些健脾且容易消化的食物。
We should control digestion and prevent children from accumulating food. Especially during the Chinese New Year, do not give children snacks such as sugar, chocolate, and nuts. Let children eat more easy-to-digest food .
适量运动
Moderate exercise
孩子精气少，就要减少孩子过度地疯玩，以及大量的运动。除此之外，可以做这两件事，给孩子扶升阳气：多睡一会晒太阳。
Children should keep doing physical exercises. In addition, you can do two things to boost your child’s yang energy: sleep more and bask in the sun.
除此之外，做好预防是关键。孩子本身的体质好了，并不等于孩子不会生病，家长还要关注一些外部环境的影响，掌握各种情况的应对方法以及干预措施：面对暖冬，兼顾脾、肺、肾，这段时间可以给孩子们喝“润冬方”
Warm tips
A child’s own physical fitness does not mean that the child will not get sick. Parents should also pay attention to the influence of some external environments.
节令衣着：
Seasonal clothing
外出时一定加穿外套，最好戴上口罩、帽子、围巾。双脚穿上较厚的鞋袜最保温，内衣应选吸湿性能好、透气性强、轻盈柔软的纯棉针织物为宜。
When going out, you must wear a coat, preferably a mask, hat, and scarf. It is best to wear thicker shoes and socks for the feet, and it is advisable to choose pure cotton knitted fabrics.
起居须知：
Living instructions
早晚要多开窗通气，室内取暖时要注意在地板上洒点水以增加湿度。早上尽可能晚起，中午或下午可到户外活动一个小时左右。
Open windows for ventilation in the morning and evening, and pay attention to sprinkle some water on the floor to increase humidity when heating indoors. Get up as late as possible in the morning, and go outdoors for about an hour at noon or afternoon.
节令养生食谱：
Seasonal health recipes
羊肾枸杞粥、排骨汤、老北京涮羊肉
Sheep kidney wolf berry porridge, pork rib soup, old Beijing hot-boiled lamb
滋补原则
Nourishing principle
严寒天气，人体的代谢相应减慢，皮肤的血管收缩，散热少了。在饮食调配上，就要增加一些厚味，如炖肉、熬鱼、火锅等。在调味品上可以选用一些辛辣食物，如辣椒、胡椒、姜、蒜等。冬季食补应该顺应自然，选择食物注意益气补阳及“血肉有情”之品，可以增强肌体抗御风寒和外邪的能力。
In Great cold weather, the metabolism of the human body slows down accordingly, it is necessary to add some delicious food, such as stewed meat, boiled fish, hot pot and so on. You can choose some spicy food in condiments, such as chili, pepper, ginger, garlic and so on.
节令美食：涮羊肉
Seasonal delicacies:
hot-boiled lamb
有俗语说：“三九四九，棒打不走。”这一时节，生活在严寒的环境中的北方人想出了许多办法抵御严寒，而涮羊肉，就是一种既能够抵抗寒冷，又暖身滋补的美食。
北京涮羊肉是北方游牧遗风加以研究进化形成的，历史悠久，风味独特，有锅底久涮不淡，羊肉久涮不老不散的特点。剔去筋膜和骨底，经冷冻压实，切成适度薄片，放在火锅沸水中轻涮。再蘸取已备好的芝麻酱、腐乳、韭菜花、卤虾油等调味佐料食用。味道鲜美，让人食欲大开。
In this season, the northerners living in the Great cold environment have come up with many ways to resist the Great cold, and mutton is a kind of meat that can resist the cold and has a good taste. Warm and nourishing food. It has a long history and unique flavor. The fascia and bone bottom are removed, frozen and compacted, cut into moderately thin slices, and lightly rinsed in boiling water in a hot pot. Then dip in the prepared sesame paste, fermented bean curd, chive flowers, marinated shrimp oil and other seasonings. The taste is very delicious.
节令养生运动：滑雪
Seasonal health sports:
skiing
《黄帝内经》说“天人合一，顺应四时”，说的是人体要顺应四季的特点来运动养生。而滑雪，一定是大寒时节，既浪漫又刺激的选择。
The “Huangdi Neijing” says that “man and nature are very similar, can conform to the four seasons”, which means that the human body should exercise according to the characteristics of the four seasons to maintain health. And skiing must be a romantic and exciting choice in the cold season.
大寒是养生好时节，养好了才能更好的迎接春天的到来。藏精、补肾、健脾、润肺、扶阳、控消化、预防，只要家长掌握这样一套组合拳，就算是暖冬，也不用再怕了。快过年了，希望每个孩子都不生病，健健康康地长大。
The Great cold is a good season for health preservation, and only by taking care of yourself you can better welcome the arrival of spring. Storing essence, invigorating kidney, invigorating spleen, nourishing lung, nourishing yang, controlling digestion. Chinese New Year is approaching, we hope every child will not get sick and grow up healthy.
大寒至，
年味渐浓时。
二十四节气的最后一站，
愿大家过好每一个节气，
在四季风景中恣意前行。
培基也提前祝大家新春快乐！
希望大家2023健健康康，
所得皆所愿！
When the Great cold arrives,
the taste of the New Year is getting stronger.
The last stop of the twenty-four solar terms,
we hope everyone enjoys every solar term
and move forward freely in the scenery
of the four seasons.
Baston also wishes everyone
a Happy Chinese New Year!
I We wish you to be healthy
in 2023 and may all your dreams come true!
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