岁终大寒·喜迎新年
The Great cold
大寒在岁终，冬去春来，大寒一过，又开始新的一个轮回。
大寒，是中国二十四节气中的最后一个节气，过了大寒又立春，即迎来新一年的节气轮回，也寓意天气严寒，最寒冷的时期到来。大寒是一年中雨水最少的时段，每年1月19或20或21日。在我国一些地方，每到大寒至立春这段时间，有很多重要的民俗，如除旧布新、制作腊味以及祭灶、尾牙祭等。
The great cold comes at the end of the year, winter goes to spring, and once the Great cold passes, a new cycle begins.
It is the last solar term in China’s twenty-four solar terms. After the Great cold, spring begins, which means the cycle of solar terms ushering in the new year. It also means that the coldest period is coming. The great cold is the rainiest time of the year, on January 19- 21 of each year. In some parts of our country, there are many important folk customs, such as removing the old things and making new ones, making sausages.
“小孩小孩你别馋，过了腊八就是年”
大寒常常会恰逢腊八节，香喷喷的腊八粥让小朋友们都狼吞虎咽的喝起来，唇齿间先溢出丝丝年味来。
“Children, children, don’t be hungry, after Laba is the New Year.”
The Great cold often coincides with the Laba Festival, and the fragrant Laba Porridge, flavor of New Year.
看，小班小朋友们把彩泥做的别有花样，一串串色泽诱人的糖葫芦做好了，你看到有没有也想吃上一口呢!
Look, the children of the Little class have made colorful clay in different ways, and the candies haws are ready. Do you want to eat it?
大寒前后虽然天气较冷，但我们也要适量运动，只有强健体魄才不会轻易生病。瞧！小朋友们玩的多开心！
The joy of the new year has begun to fill every corner of the Baston kindergarten. Because of children, very space here is full of laughter and bright sunshine;
大寒到，春始近。在这寒冷的冬日里，始终潜藏着无限的温情。且让我们剪一段冬日的时光，祝愿大家新年快乐！
The cold has arrived, and spring is approaching. In this cold winter day, there is always infinite warmth lurking. Let’s cut a piece of winter time and wish you all a Happy New Year!
Origin of the Great cold
大寒，是天气寒冷到极点的意思。每年1月20日前后太阳到达黄经300°时为”大寒”。《授时通考·天时》引《三礼义宗》:”大寒为中者，上形于小寒，故谓之大……寒气之逆极，故谓大寒。”这时寒潮南下频繁，是我国大部地区一年中的寒冷时期，风大，低温，地面积雪不化，呈现出冰天雪地、天寒地冻的严寒景象。
Great cold means that the weather is extremely cold. Every year around January 20, when the sun reaches 300° ecliptic longitude, it is “the Great cold”. The “Time-granting Tongkao Tianshi” quotes the “Three Rites and Righteous Sects”: “The Great cold is the middle, and the upper form is in the mild cold.. The reverse pole of the cold is called the Great cold. “At this time, the cold wave is frequent in the south, which is the cold period of the year in most parts of our country, with strong winds, low temperatures, and snow on the ground, showing a cold scene of ice and snow.
中国古代将大寒分为三候
一候鸡乳·二候征鸟厉疾·三候水泽腹坚
俗话说:”花木管时令，鸟鸣报农时”。花草树木、鸟兽飞禽均按照季节活动，因此它们规律性的行动，被看作区分时令节气的重要标志。
中国古代将大寒分为三候:”一候鸡乳;二候征鸟厉疾;三候水泽腹坚。”就是说到大寒节气便可以孵小鸡了。而鹰隼之类的征鸟，却正处于捕食能力极强的状态中，盘旋于空中到处寻找食物，以补充身体的能量抵御严寒;在一年的最后五天内，水域中的冰一直冻到水中央，且最结实、最厚，孩童们可以尽情在河上溜冰(日平均气温连续多日出现-5℃以下天气方可进行，这种活动一般出现在黄河以北地区)。
此外，大寒出现的花信风候为”一候瑞香，二候兰花，三候山矾(生于江南一带)”。亦可作为判断大寒的重要标志。
As the saying goes: “Flowers and trees govern the season, and birds sing to report the farming season”. Flowers, trees, animals and birds all move according to the seasons, so their regular actions are regarded as an important symbol to distinguish seasonal solar terms.
In ancient China, the Great cold was divided into three phases: “First, chicken’s hatching; second, condor’s hunting; third, deepest frozen water. That is to say, when it comes to the Great cold solar term, chickens can be hatched. However, the hawks and other birds are in a state of strong predation, hovering in the air to find food to replenish the body’s energy to resist the cold; In the last five days of the year, the ice in the waters freezes to the center of the water, children can enjoy skating on the river (the average daily temperature is below -5°C for several consecutive days, and this activity usually occurs in the area north of the Yellow River).
In addition, the flower trade winds that appear in Great cold are “the first for Daphne odora, the second for orchids, and the third for Symplocaceae (born in the south of the Yangtze River)”. It can also be used as an important indicator for the Great cold.
和仲蒙夜坐(宋 文同)
大寒农谚
Solar terms
大寒节气时期，大气环流比较稳定，环流调整周期大约为20天左右。此种环流调整时，常出现大范围雨雪天气和大风降温。当东经80度以西为长波脊，东亚为沿海大槽，我国受西北风气流控制及不断补充的冷空气影响便会出现持续低温。
同小寒一样，大寒也是表示天气寒冷程度的节气。近代气象观测记录虽然表明，在我国部分地区，大寒不如小寒冷，但是，在某些年份和沿海少数地方，全年最低气温仍然会出现在大寒节气内。所以，应继续做好农作物防寒，特别应注意保护牲畜安全过冬。
During the Great cold solar term, the atmospheric circulation is relatively stable, and the circulation adjustment period is about 20 days. During such circulation adjustment, widespread rain and snow, strong winds often occur to cool down. When the long-wave ridge west of 80 degrees east longitude, China will be affected by the control of the northwest wind current and the cold air that is constantly replenished. Like the minor cold, the Great cold is also a solar term that indicates the degree of coldness of the weather. Although modern meteorological observation records show that in some parts of China, the Great cold is not as strong as the minor cold, but in some years and a few coastal places, the lowest temperature of the year will still appear in the cold season. Therefore, we should continue to do a good job in preventing crops from cold, and pay special attention to protecting the safety of livestock during the winter.
大寒时节，中国南方大部分地区平均气温多为6℃至8℃，比小寒高出近1℃。”小寒大寒，冷成一团”的谚语，说明大寒节气也是一年中的寒冷时期。
During the Great cold season, the average temperature in most parts of southern China is mostly 6°C to 8°C, nearly 1°C higher than during the minor cold. The proverb “the Minor cold and the Great cold, cold into a ball” indicates that the Great cold solar term is also a cold period of the year.
The Great cold food
01 老母鸡汤Old hen soup
大寒已是农历四九前后，传统的一九一只鸡食俗仍被不少市民家庭所推崇，像南京人会选择老母鸡，或单炖、或添加参须、枸杞、黑木耳等合炖，寒冬里喝鸡汤真是一种享受。
The great cold is around the fourth and ninth day of the lunar calendar, the traditional 191 chicken food customs are still respected by many families. For example, Nanjing people will choose old hens, stew them alone, or add ginseng, wolfberry, black fungus, etc. Drinking chicken soup in the cold winter is really a kind of enjoyment.
02 八宝粥 Old hen soup
古时在北方，大寒天气虽寒冷，但因已近春天，人们便开始忙着除旧饰新，腌制年肴，准备年货，迎接中国人最重要的节日——春节。大寒这天，还会制做传统的八宝粥食材，用黄米、白米、江米、小米、菱角米、栗子、红豇豆、去皮枣泥等，合水煮熟，外用染红桃仁、杏仁、瓜子、花生、榛穰、松子及白糖、红糖、琐琐葡萄，以作点染。
In ancient times, in the north, although the weather was cold, because it was almost spring, people began to get busy removing the old things and decorating the new environment, pickling the New Year’s dishes, and preparing the New Year’s goods to welcome the most important festival of the Chinese people – the Spring Festival. On this cold day, the traditional eight treasure porridge ingredients will be made: yellow rice, white rice, millet, chestnuts, red cowpeas, peeled date paste, etc., cooked in water, and dyed with red peach kernels, almonds, melon seeds, peanuts, hazelnuts, pine nuts and sugar, brown sugar, grapes for spot dyeing.
03 八宝饭 Eight Treasures Rice
八宝饭是中国传统名点，腊八节节日食俗。流行于全国各地，江南尤盛。各地的配方大同小异，基本上是把糯米蒸熟，拌以糖、油、桂花、倒入装有红枣、薏米、莲子、桂圆、等果料的器具内，蒸熟后再浇上糖卤汁即成。味道甜美，是节日和待客佳品。
Eight Treasures Rice is a traditional Chinese dessert, and it is a food custom during the Laba Festival. Popular all over the country, especially in the south of the Yangtze River. The recipes are similar in different places, basically steamed glutinous rice, mixed with sugar, oil, sweet-scented osmanthus, poured into a utensil containing red dates, barley, lotus seeds, cinnamon balls, and other fruits, steamed and then poured sugar marinade. It tastes sweet it’s a great treat for festivals and hospitality.
大寒吃糯米饭是一种习俗。糯米饭是中国传统主食之一，在南方中国人民生活中占有重要地位，为男女老幼喜爱之食品，各种节日的主食，多为糯米做成的各种食品。有甑蒸加红枣的糯米饭，染成五颜六色的花糯米饭。
Eating sticky rice in the Great cold is a special custom. Glutinous rice is one of the traditional staple foods in China, which occupies an important position in the lives of Chinese people in the south and is a favorite food for men and women, old and young, a staple food of various festivals, and most of the foods made of glutinous rice. There is glutinous rice steamed with red dates.
吃“消寒糕”的习俗在北京由来已久。“消寒糕”是年糕的一种，不但因其糯米比大米含糖量高，食用后全身感觉暖和，有温散风寒、润肺健脾胃的功效，而且老百姓选择在“大寒”这天吃年糕，还有“年高”之意，带着吉祥如意、年年平安、步步高升的好彩头。所以老北京的习俗中大寒这天，一家人分吃年糕，既带着吉祥味，也能驱散身上寒意，所以称为“消寒糕”。
The custom of eating “cold cake” has a long history in Beijing. “Cold cake” is a kind of rice cake. Not only because the glutinous rice has higher sugar content than rice, the whole body feels warm after eating, and has the effect of warming the wind and cold, moistening the lungs and strengthening the spleen and stomach, but also people choose to eat it on the day of “great cold” Rice cakes also mean “high year”, good luck. Therefore, in the custom of old Beijing, on the day of the Great cold, the whole family eats rice cakes, which is not only has auspicious flavors, but also dispels the chill on the body, so it is called “cold cake”.
Health Tips
大寒的养生，要着眼于”藏”。意思是说，人们在此期间要控制自己的精神活动，保持精神安静，把神藏于内不要暴露于外。这样才有利于安度冬季。
本节气最需预防的是心脑血管病，肺气肿，慢支气管炎，早晨和傍晚尽量少出门。
注意保暖，外出时一定加穿外套，戴上口罩、帽子、围巾。
早晚室内要通风换气。室内取暖时要在地板上泼些水或凉一些湿毛巾之类以保室内湿度。要多喝白开水，补充体内水分。
老年人可在居室中坚持脸部、手部、足部的冷水浴法，以此来增加机体的抗寒能力。
During the Great Cold, people should control their mental activities, keep their spirits quiet, and hide the gods inside and not expose them to the outside. This will help you spend the winter peacefully.
The most important prevention of this festival is cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease, emphysema, chronic bronchitis, and we should try to go out less in the morning and evening.
Pay attention to keep warm, be sure to wear a jacket when you go out, wear a mask, hat, and scarf.
In the morning and evening, the room should be ventilated. When heating is on, we should pour some water on the floor or cool some wet towels to maintain indoor humidity. Drink more boiled water to replenish water in your body.
The elderly can adhere to the cold bath method of the face, hands and feet.
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