儿童过敏性鼻炎知多少丨How much do children know about allergic rhinitis

每到春季，常有孩子出现鼻痒、打喷嚏、流鼻涕等感冒症状，但是吃了感冒、消炎药并不见效。这是为什么呢？原来这些孩子患的是一种季节性疾病——过敏性鼻炎。

40% 6岁以下儿童患有过敏性鼻炎。

近年来，儿童过敏性鼻炎的患病率在世界范围内明显升高。据最新统计，3岁以下婴幼儿发病率为20% ，6岁以下儿童40%患有过敏性鼻炎。过敏性鼻炎的发病有着明显的季节性。过敏性鼻炎是鼻腔粘膜的变态反应性疾病，可引起多种并发症，是一种常见的呼吸性过敏症。

Every spring, children often have cold symptoms such as nasal itching, sneezing, but taking cold and anti-inflammatory drugs doesn’t not work. Why is this? It turns out that these children are suffering from a seasonal disease-allergic rhinitis.

40% of children under 6 have allergic rhinitis. 

In recent years, the prevalence of allergic rhinitis in children has increased significantly worldwide. According to the latest statistics, the incidence of infants and young children under 3 years old is 20%, and 40% of children under 6 years old suffer from allergic rhinitis. The onset of allergic rhinitis has obvious seasonality. Allergic rhinitis is an allergic disease of the nasal mucosa, which can cause various complications and is a common respiratory allergy.

过敏性鼻炎 是慢性、反复发作，症状局限，通常会出现鼻塞、鼻痒、打喷嚏、流大量清水样鼻涕等症状。

Allergic rhinitis is chronic, recurrent, and has limited symptoms. Symptoms such as stuffy nose, itchy nose, sneezing, and a lot of watery nasal discharge usually appears.

感冒 是急性发病，除了呼吸道症状，如咳嗽、鼻塞、咽痛外，还会出现发热、肌肉酸痛、关节痛等全身不适。

A cold is an acute onset. In addition to respiratory symptoms such as cough, nasal congestion, and sore throat, fever, muscle aches, and joint pains may also occur.

1.确保室内整洁，经常通风换气。房间内要保持一定的湿度，打扫卫生时要防止尘土飞扬。

2.注重体育锻炼，增强自身抗病能力。儿童过敏性鼻炎的重要诱因是感冒。所以，预防感冒是控制鼻炎复发的关键。

3.保持鼻腔卫生，不要用指甲和其他不卫生的物品挖鼻孔。在擤鼻涕时也不要用力过猛，以免损伤鼻黏膜。患者可在洗脸时用流水清洗鼻孔，以减少鼻腔内细菌繁殖。

4.已经诊断为过敏性鼻炎的患儿应尽快找出过敏源，避免与之接触，以免造成过敏性鼻炎的反复发作。

1. Make sure the room is clean and tidy, and ventilate regularly. Keep a certain humidity in the room, and prevent dust from flying when cleaning.

2. Pay attention to physical exercise and enhance your own disease resistance. An important cause of allergic rhinitis in children is a cold. Therefore, preventing colds is the key to controlling the recurrence of rhinitis.

3. Maintain nasal hygiene, do not dig nostrils with nails and other unsanitary items. Do not use excessive force when blowing your nose to avoid damage to the nasal mucosa. Patients can wash their nostrils with running water when washing their face to reduce the growth of bacteria in the nasal cavity.

4. Children who have been diagnosed with allergic rhinitis should find out allergens as soon as possible and avoid contact with them to avoid repeated attacks of allergic rhinitis.