应急于心，防范于行，用心呵护，“救”在身边。
安全不仅仅是一种意识，更是为人父母、为人师表的责任。3-6岁的宝宝因为年龄小、好动，没有安全意识，因此发生意外事故的概率更大。作为老师，作为父母，我们必须学会一些儿童应急的处理方法，在送到医院之前，及时帮助孩子处理，不耽误黄金时间。
为此，培基幼儿园开展了“急救知识伴我行”知识科普培训活动，提高全体教师安全意识，增长急救知识，在突发事件中应用急救知识进行急救，提高在意外事故和危险情况下发生的应急处置能力，降低对幼儿的伤害程度。下面让我们一起学习必备急救技巧，关键时刻救人救己！
Emergency at heart, prevention, careful care, saving a life is important.
Safety is not only a sense, but also the responsibility of parents and teachers. 3-6 year old baby because of young age, they are very active, no safety awareness, so the probability of accidents is greater. As teachers, as parents, we must learn some children’s emergency treatment methods before sending them to the hospital, timely help deal with it and do not delay.
Baston Kindergarten has carried out the knowledge popularization training activities of “First Aid knowledge with me” to improve the safety awareness of all teachers, increase first aid knowledge, apply first aid knowledge during emergencies to improve the emergency response in accidents and dangerous situations and reduce the degree of harm to children. Let’s learn the necessary first aid skills together, which is very important to save oneself!
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Foreign body stuck in the throat
儿童的咀嚼及喉反射功能不健全，且喜欢将小玩具或食物含在口中，在突然惊吓、哭恼、嬉笑时，易将口含物吸入气道，引起气道堵塞。当儿童进食时突然出现面色潮红、憋气时，可进行以下识别判断：立刻观察幼儿是否有口齿、甲床青紫、不能呼吸以及用双手抓住颈部等表现。在确认是异物卡喉引起的窒息后，立即开展以下急救方法。
Children’s chewing and laryngeal reflex function is not sound, and they like to put small toys or food in their mouth and when suddenly frightened, crying, laughing,it’s easy to inhale oral substances into the airway causing airway blockage. When a child suddenly appears flushed face and breathlessness while eating, the following identification can be made: Immediately observe whether what the child has in the mouth, nail bed blue, cannot breathe then grasp the neck with both hands. After confirming that the suffocation is caused by a foreign body stuck in the throat, immediately carry out the following first aid methods.
急救方法|First aid method
海姆立克急救法|The Heimlich maneuver
若幼儿为清醒状态，让幼儿站立，根据患儿的身高，施救者选择跪在或站在患儿身后，双臂环抱患儿腰部，使其上身前倾；施救者一只手握拳，拳眼放在患儿脐上两横指上方，另一只手包住拳头，并连续、快速、用力向患儿的后上方冲击，直到异物吐出，冲击力度以使患儿双脚刚刚离地为宜；如患儿意识不清，但有呼吸，亦可用此方法进行施救。
If the child is awake, let the child stand according to the height of the child, the rescuer should choose to kneel or stand behind the child, arms around the child’s waist so that the child leans forward; The rescuer clenches a fist with one hand putting the fist above the two transverse fingers on the umbilicus of the child, wraps the fist with the other hand and continuously, rapidly and vigorously tapping the back and upper part of the child until the foreign body is spit out. The impact force should make the child’s feet off the ground。If the child is unconscious but breathing, this method can be used to save the child.
若患儿意识丧失，无呼吸及心跳，应立即行心肺复苏术。具体心肺复苏请参照心脏骤停急救法。
If the child loses consciousness, breathing and heartbeat, CPR should be performed immediately. For specific cardiopulmonary resuscitation, please refer to the first aid of cardiac arrest.
错误方法|Wrong method
千万不要采用吞大块饭团、喝醋、抠喉咙等方式，试图将异物强行咽下。
Do not swallow large rice balls, drink vinegar, pick the throat and other ways to try to forcibly flash out foreign bodies.
Scalding
如果烫伤的部位涉及重要器官，比如脸部烫伤，必须观察肺部是否也被殃及，尤其是发生火灾时，火灾热也会烫伤内部，造成器官肿帐，必须谨慎处理。
If the burns involve vital organs such as face burns, it is necessary to observe whether the lungs are also damaged, especially in the event of a fire, the fire heat will also burn the interior causing swelling of the organs which must be handled carefully.
1.立刻撤离制热源，剪开孩子衣服
2.用冷水冲洗10-15分钟，散热降温，可避免高温渗入深层皮肤。轻度烫伤可涂抹专用烫伤膏。
3.如果烫伤严重，不要涂抹任何东西，在冲洗后的伤口上包裹干净棉布，以免感染，然后马上去医院就诊。
1. Immediately remove the heat source and cut the child’s clothes.
2. Rinse with cold water for 10-15 minutes to cool down and avoid high temperature penetration into deep skin. Apply special scald cream for mild burns.
3. If the burn is serious, do not apply anything, wrap clean cotton cloth on the wound after washing to avoid infection and then go to the hospital immediately.
错误方法|Wrong method
家长切忌用酱油、泥灰、酱油等有颜色的东西涂抹伤口，以免影响医生对伤口的判断。
Parents should not use soy sauce, plaster, soy sauce and other colored things to smear on the wound, so as not to affect the doctor’s judgment of the wound.
Nosebleeds
1.让孩子坐立起来，身体前倾低下头，压住孩子的两侧鼻翼5-10分钟，基本就能止血。
2.也可以在压迫鼻翼止血的同时，在孩子前额部敷一块冷水毛巾，冷敷会使血管收缩，也能起到止血的作用。
1. Let the child sit and stand up, lean forward and lower his head then press both sides of the child’s nose for 5-10 minutes, which can basically stop the bleeding.
2. You can also compress the nasal wing to stop bleeding at the same time, apply a cold water towel on the child’s forehead.Cold compress will make the blood vessels shrink but also play a role to stop the bleeding.
错误方法|Wrong method：
1、不要把头向后仰，也不要躺下，避免血液大量上升到头部，也可以避免血液流入食道及胃。
2、不能用纸巾或药棉堵住鼻孔止血。
1.Do not tilt your head back, do not lie down to avoid a large amount of blood rising to the head but also to avoid blood flow into the esophagus and stomach.
2. Do not use tissue or cotton to stop bleeding.
Fracture of hands and feet
2-6岁宝宝好动，很容易在户外玩闹的时候不幸扭伤或者上下楼梯时不幸摔下楼梯，导致腿部或手臂骨折，这时候成人一定不要乱动。
2-6 year old baby is active, it is easy to sprain when playing outdoors or fall down the stairs resulting in leg or arm fracture during this time adults must not move.
急救方法|First aid method
1、找个纸板或三角巾轻轻围绕着受伤的部位，在未受伤的一侧打结固定住。
2、幼儿很容易忍不住疼痛乱动，最好成人轻轻按住宝宝不要让孩子乱动弹，然后尽快把宝宝送去医院让医生进行拍片、打石膏等处理。
1. find a cardboard or triangular towel and gently place it around the injured area, tie a knot on the uninjured side to secure it.
2. It is easy for children to feel the pain so it is best for adults to gently hold the baby and not to let the child move then send the baby to the hospital as soon as possible for the doctor to film, cast and other processes.
注意事项|Note：
注意送医院的路上千万别碰到患肢，保持同一个姿势。
Watch out on your way to the hospital and don’t touch the affected limb. Stay in the same position.
Accidental abrasion
冬季儿童穿上厚重的棉衣，但在奔跑、跳跃时也极易引发意外擦伤，尤其手部或头部。
During winter children wear heavy cotton clothes, which can also easily cause accidental bruises when running and jumping especially on the hands or head.
1.若伤口较浅，仅仅蹭破了毛皮，只需将伤口处的泥沙等杂物清洗干净即可。
2.若伤口较深或出血，应先用流水或生理盐水清洁伤口，再用酒精消毒，处理后无需包扎。
1. If the wound is shallow and only scratches, just clean the sediment and other debris at the wound.
2. If the wound is deep or bleeding, clean the wound with running water or normal saline first, and then disinfect it with alcohol. There is no need to bandage it after treatment.
Convulsions
惊厥常见于5—6岁以下儿童。引发惊厥的的原因有很多，如呼吸道感染、流脑、中毒性痢疾等均会使儿童高烧，引起惊厥。此外，幼儿缺钙、癫痫、低血糖，中毒等也可能引起惊厥。儿童惊厥常突然发作，意识短暂丧失，头向后仰，眼神凝视，呼吸细弱而不规则，口唇青紫，四肢和单侧或双侧面部抽动，持续的时间为一两分钟到十几分钟不等。
Convulsions are most common in children under 5 to 6 years of age. There are many causes of convulsion such as respiratory infection, meningitis, toxic dysentery and so on can make children get a high fever causing convulsions. In addition, young children with calcium deficiency, epilepsy, hypoglycemia, poisoning, etc., may also get convulsions. In children, convulsions often occur suddenly with a brief loss of consciousness, the head tilted back, staring eyes, thin and irregular breathing, blue lips, and twitching of the limbs and one or both sides, lasting from one to ten minutes.
1、将患儿移至安静环境中，让其侧卧，松开衣领，便于及时排除分泌物。将毛巾或手绢、纱布等拧成麻花状置于上下牙之间，防止舌咬伤。如果患儿牙关紧闭，不能硬撬；
2、患儿惊厥后，成人不要大声呼叫或用力摇晃、拍打幼儿，可轻按幼儿抽动的上下肢。要有专人守护，防止坠床的发生；
3、积极降温。若幼儿因高烧抽风，应采用冷敷、温水擦浴、酒精擦浴等方法降温，或口服退烧药以降温；
4、辅助止痉处理。可重压人中穴，以减轻抽搐程度和缩短抽搐时间。经过以上初步处理，控制住惊厥时，要迅速将患儿送至医院治疗。
1. Move the child to a quiet environment, let the child lie on its side, loosen the collar, and facilitate the timely elimination of secretions. Twist the towel or handkerchief, gauze, etc. into a twist shape between the upper and lower teeth to prevent tongue bite. If the child’s jaw is closed, can not be hard pry。
2. After the child convulses, adults should not call loudly or shake or beat the child but gently press the upper and lower limbs of the child. There should be a special guard to prevent the occurrence of falling off the bed;
3. Actively cool down. If children have seizures due to high fever, cold compress, warm water bath, alcohol bath and other methods should be used to cool down, or oral antipyretic medicine to cool down;
4. Auxiliary spasmolytic treatment. It can be used to reduce the degree of convulsions and shorten the duration of convulsions. After the above preliminary treatment when the convulsion is controlled, the child should be promptly sent to the hospital for treatment.
A warm reminder during the winter holiday
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饮食安全|Food safety
1. 让孩子养成饭前便后洗手的好习惯，使用干净的餐具，确保食材新鲜洁净。
2. 坚持规律的饮食习惯，一日三餐按时食用，教育孩子不挑食。
3. 油炸类、膨化类食品尽量让孩子少吃，保证充足的营养摄入。
1. Let children develop a good habit of washing hands before and after meals using clean tableware and ensuring that food ingredients are fresh and clean.
2. Adhere to regular eating habits, eat three meals a day on time and teach children not to be picky eaters.
3. Fried and puffed foods should be eaten less by children to ensure adequate nutritional intake.
1. 带孩子外出佩戴好口罩，保证孩子在自己的视线范围内。
2. 提示孩子不要理会陌生人，不接受陌生人的礼物、食物。
1. Take your child out and wear a mask to ensure that the child is in their line of sight.
2. Remind children not to pay attention to strangers and do not accept gifts and food from strangers.
1. 教育孩子不到冰面上行走、玩耍、滑冰、捡物品等，以免冰面破裂落入冰水中。
2. 孩子溜冰应在大人的陪同下去正规的溜冰场所，家长要给孩子穿好护具，全程不要让孩子脱离自己的视线。
1. Educate children not to walk, play, skate, pick up items on the ice so as to avoid the ice breaking into the ice water.
2. Children skating should be accompanied by adults to regular skating places,parents should make sure children wear protective gear and do not let children out of their sight throughout.
1.燃放烟花爆竹有明显的安全风险，最好远离。即使要燃放，也要选购正规厂家的正规产品，保证燃放的安全性。
2.家里的火柴、打火机、煤气、酒精等等易燃易爆物品要放在远离孩子的地方。
3.发生火情后，应该第一时间逃生。用湿毛巾捂住口鼻，弯着腰避开烟雾，往开阔的地方逃生，不乘坐电梯。
1. Setting off fireworks has obvious safety risks and it is best to stay away from them. Even if you want to set off fireworks, you must buy regular products from regular manufacturers to ensure the safety of setting off.
2. Flammable and explosive items such as matches, lighters, gas, alcohol and so on at home should be placed away from children.
3. After a fire, you should escape as soon as possible. Cover your mouth and nose with a wet towel, bend over to avoid the smoke, escape to an open place and do not take the elevator.
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1. 带孩子认识各种电器及其使用方法，知道如何安全地开关电源，让孩子尽量远离危险的电器。
2.碰触电器、开关电源、插拔插头时，一定要保持双手干燥，不能碰触电源插座内部，不要拉扯电线。
1. Teach the children about various electrical appliances and their uses, and how to switch the power supply safely and let the children stay away from dangerous electrical appliances as far as possible.
2. When touching electrical appliances, switching power supply, plug and unplug， be sure to keep your hands dry and not to touch the inside of the electric shock source socket, do not pull the wire.
1.红灯停，绿灯行，行人要走人行道，过马路要走斑马线不可以在马路上横冲直撞，不可以和他人拥挤推搡。
2.乘车时扶好或坐好，不追逐打闹，不大声喧哗，更不能将身体任何部位伸出车窗外。
3.带孩子骑车时最好走自行车道，靠边行驶。
1. Stop at the red light, go green, pedestrians should walk on the sidewalk, cross the road to walk at the zebra crossing can not run on the road, can not crowd and push others.
2. Hold or sit well when riding, do not chase, do not shout and do not extend any part of the body out of the window.
3. When riding with children, it is best to use bike lanes and pull over.
1.假期中请坚持放手，让孩子自己独立完成自己应该做的事，绝不包办代替，培养孩子的自理能力及劳动意识。
2.可与孩子玩一些体育游戏，坚持体育锻炼，提高身体的免疫力。
3.勤洗手，尤其是外出回家、饭前便后、咳嗽或打喷嚏后。
4.控制孩子看电视、刷手机的时间，保护孩子的视力健康。
1. Please insist on letting go during the holiday, let the child complete what he should do independently, never do instead, and cultivate the child’s self-care ability and labor consciousness.
2. Can play some sports games with children, adhere to physical exercise, and improve the body’s immunity.
3. Wash your hands frequently especially when you come home from home, after using the toilet before meals and after coughing or sneezing.
4. Control the time children spend watching TV and brushing mobile phones to protect children’s visual health.
1.保证孩子有充足的睡眠，让孩子坚持早睡早起，按时午休。
2.家长要多陪伴孩子，每天坚持阅读绘本、讲故事、做游戏等。
3.利用寒假时间加深亲子间的沟通交流，让孩子体验家庭的温馨与乐趣。
安全是幼儿园工作的重中之重！危险无处不在，但我们并不被动。很多意外是可以预防的，而出现意外之后的急救尤为重要，我们要提早准备，不要让孩子的伤害源于缺少相应的急救知识。让急救成为一门必修课，也让我们每个人都能成为生命的守护者，共同为幼儿的生命健康构筑一片安全天空。
1. Ensure that the child get enough sleep, let the child insist on early to bed and early to rise and lunch break on time.
2. Parents should accompany their children more by reading picture books, telling stories and playing games every day.
3. Use the winter vacation time to deepen parent-child communication so that children can experience the warmth and fun of family.
Safety is the top priority of kindergarten work! Danger is everywhere and we are not passive. Many accidents can be prevented and the first aid after the accident is particularly important, we should prepare in advance。Do not let the child get injured and you cannot use first aid knowledge. Let first aid become a compulsory course and let each of us become the guardian of life and jointly build a safe sky for the life and health of children.
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